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Roman Republic and Empire Timeline
Mythological Beginning
Romulus and Remus (753 BC)
Aeneus from Troy (Virgil)
Sailed to Rome after the fall of Troy
Had affair with Dido of Carthage (Phoenicians)
When Aeneus left her, she committed suicide and vowed that Carthage and Rome would always be enemies
Etruscans
Monarchy
Culture: Women equal, superstition.
Built Rome
Overthrown 508 BC
After "rape of Lucretia"
New govt.
Republican form
Consuls, praetors, senate
Expansion
340 Latin states
Greek communities in south Italy 267 BC
Etruscans 264 BC
Struggle of orders 494 BC to 287 BC
Patricians v. Plebeians
Council of plebs, tribune
Punic Wars
First – Sicily
Second – Hannibal, Battle of Cannae, Battle of Zama 202 BC
Third – 146 BC Carthage destroyed
Greeks taken over 146 BC
FALL OF THE REPUBLIC (133-31 B.C.)
Fall of Republic 133-31 BC
Gracchus Brothers (reforms)
Marius (army of landless, loyal to generals)
Sulla (march into Rome)
Spartacus – 73 BC
First Triumvirate
Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar (60 BC)
Julius Caesar
Killed 44 BC
Becomes “dictator for life”
crossed Rubicon
Octavian (Augustus) (31 BCE – 14 CE)
Defeated Antony and Cleopatra, Battle of Actium 31 BC)
“Restoration of the Republic” 27 BC
Pax Romana
ROMAN EMPIRE
EARLY EMPIRE (14-180)
Tiberius
Established Julio-Claudian dynasty (14-68)
Nero (54-68)
Persecuted Christians
Eliminated people
Five Good Emperors (96-180)
Trajan (to Dacia, Mesopotamia, Sinai)
Hadrian (117-138), withdrew, wall in Britain
Caracalla 212
Roman citizenship to all
Crisis of Third Century
Severan rulers (193-235)
Anarchy
LATE ROMAN EMPIRE (end 3rd, beg. Of 4th c.)
Diocletian (284-305)
Divided empire into Tetrarchy
Constantine (306-337)
Reunified Empire
Edict of Milan 312 – Christianity tolerated
Capital moved to Constantinople
Theodosius 347 -395
Christianity official religion
Visigoths
Pushed out by Hun
Battle at Adrianople 378
Sacking Rome 410
Odoacer
German “master of soldiers”
Deposed last emperor in West in 476
Romulus Augustus