amanda0195
World War II (1939-1945)- World
TIMELINE
1918
WWI Ends
1919
League of Nations founded (Apr. 28)
Treaty of Versailles is signed (Jun. 28)
1921
Adolf Hitler becomes head of National Socialist (Nazi) Party
1923
Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch
1925
Hitler publishes "Mein Kampf"
1926
Germany is admitted to League of Nations
1929
US Sock Market crashes
1931
Japan invades Manchuria
1932
Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) is elected President of the US
1933
Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany (Jan. 30)
German Reichstag fire (Feb. 27)
Enabling Act gives Hitler dictatorial power (Mar. 23)
Germany quits League of Nations (Oct. 14)
1934
Nazi "Night of Long Knives"
1935
Nuremberg Laws passed (German Jews stripped of citizenship)
1936
Germany occupies Rhineland (Mar. 7)
Italy takes Ethiopia (May 9)
Civil war in Spain (Jul. 18)
Germany and Italy sign Rome-Berlin Treaty - "Axis"
Germany and Japan sign Anti-Comintern Pact
1937
Stalin purges Red Army (Jun. 11)
Japan invades China - begins WWII in Pacific (Jul. 7)
Rape of Nanjing
1938
German and Austria join in Anschluss (Mar. 12)
Munich Agreement (Germ., Italy, GB, Fr) Czech gives up Sudetenland (Sep. 30)
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) (Nov. 9/10)
1939
Germany occupies Czech lands in violation of Munich
Italy invades and annexes Albania
Germany and USSR sign nonaggression agreement (Aug. 23)
Germany invades Poland (Sep. 1) - begins WWII in Europe
USSR invades Poland from east
Poland surrenders, Poland divided (Germany/USSR)
USSR invades Finland (Winter War) (Nov. 30)
USSR expelled from League of Nations (Dec. 14)
1940
Germany invades Denmark, Norway (Apr. 9)
Germany invades Fr., Belg, Lux, Netherlands (May 10)
Winston Churchill becomes British Prime Minister (May 10)
Fall of France (May 10-Jun 25) (north is German, south is Vichy)
Marshal Petain becomes French Prime Minister (Vichy)
Dunkirk evacuations begin (May 27-Jun 4)
Battle of Britain begins (Jul. 10)
USSR occupies Baltic States (Jul. 23)
Italians invade British Egypt from Italian Libya
Germany, Italy and Japan sign Tripartite Pact (Sep. 27)
1941
Germans send Afrika Korps (Rommel) to North Africa to help Italians (Feb. 14)
Roosevelt signs Lend-Lease (Mar. 11)
Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria invade Yugoslavia and Greece
Operation Barbarossa/Germany attacks USSR (Jun. 22)
FDR announces oil embargo against Japan (Aug. 1)
Roosevelt and Churchill announce Atlantic Charter (Aug. 14)
First gas chambers used at Auschwitz (Sep. 3)
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7)
US and Britain declare war on Japan (Dec. 8)
Hitler declares war on US (Dec. 11)
1942
US begins internment of Japanese (Apr.)
Japan occupies Philippines, French Indochina and Br. Singapore
British bomb Germany (Koln)
US Victory at Midway
US begins island-hopping towards Australia at Guadalcanal
British defeat Germans and Italians at El Alamein (Egypt) (Jul)
Battle of Stalingrad begins (Sep)
US forces land in Algeria and Morocco
1943
Germans surrender at Stalingrad (Feb. 2)
Axis surrender to Allies ending North Africa campaign
US and Br. land on Sicily - begin Italy campaign (Jul. 9/10)
Mussolini is deposed by Fascist Grand Council
Germans establish puppet Fascist regime under Mussolini
Tehran Conference (Nov. 28)
1944
Allies take back Italy
D-Day --> Allied invasion at Normandy
1945
Soviets capture Berlin
FDR dies (Apr. 12)
Hitler commits suicide (Apr. 30)
Germans surrender
V-E (Victory in Europe) Day (May. 8)
Germany and Berlin are divided (Jun. 5)
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima (Aug. 6)
Soviets declare war on Japan and invade Manchuria (Aug. 8)
Atomic bombing of Nagasaki (Aug. 9)
Japan surrenders (Sep. 2)
United Nations is created (Oct. 24)
Nuremberg war crimes trials begin (Nov. 20)
LEADING TO WORLD WAR II
Anger over WWI Peace Treaties
Nations wanted to "revise" the settlement (revisionist powers)
Italy - unhappy about not getting Italia Irredenta
Germany - unhappy about reparations, demilitarization and War Guilt
Japan - wanted to include a provision that recognized racial equality
ASIA
Japan
Militarists seize power in 1931
Japan conquered Manchuria (Puyi) 1931-1932
First step toward expansionism and aggression.
1933 League of Nations condemned actions
Japan withdrew from League of Nations 1933
Renounced Five-Power Naval Treaty 1934
Japan became ultra-nationalist and pro-military
Marco Polo Bridge (Jul. 1937)
Chinese and Japanese troops fight
Japanese took Beinign then south to Shanghai and Nanjing (1937)
Rape of Nanjing
Brutal warfare against civilians (7,000 women raped, 100s, of 1000s murdered)
Bombing on Shanghai - 10s of 1000s died.
Chinese resistance
Nationalists (Guomindang) and communists agreed on a "united front"
Standing army 1.7 million.
Communist guerrilla warfare in north (= loyalty of Chinese peasants)
But Japanese had naval and air superiority
EUROPE
ITALY
Fascist Party of Mussolini
Benito Mussolini was socialists who fought in WWI
hanged his mind and organized National Fascist Party from unemployed veterans who were disappointed with outcome of war.
(Fascists from Roman prowess, unity, justice)
Italy Invaded Ethiopia 1935
Using excessive force
Withdrew from League of Nations 1937
Conquering Albania 1939
SPAIN
Spanish Civil War (1936-39)
Military revolt against the Republican government of Spain
Nationalist rebels (led by Francisco Franco)
Received aid from Italy and Germany
Republicans
Got aid from USSR and volunteers fro Europe and US

GERMANY
Hitler leader of the National Socialist, Nazi Party
Pointed out injustices in Treaty of Versailles
Blamed troubles on Jews and other “inferior” races
Hitler became chancellor 1933
Took Germany out of League of Nations
Began to rearm German military (violating Treaty of Versailles
Invaded Rhineland March. 1936
Area under French control, no resistance
Anschluss
Hitler joined Germany and Austria - in violation of Versailles Treaty
Occupied Sudetenland
Region of ethnic Germans in western Czechoslovakia.
Appeasement (Munich Accords)
Allowed annexation of Sudentenland in exchange for Hitler guarantee to halt territorial expansion
Chamberlain (Br. PM) boasted “Peace in our time”
Nonaggression Pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop)
Signed between Germany and Russia (Stalin)
Both agreed to divide Poland
And take no military action against each other for the next 10 years.
Invasion of Poland
Br. And Fr. had promised to assist Poland
Hitler signed nonaggression with Russia
To ensure Russia would not assist Poland
Poland invaded Sept. 1, 1939
Fr. Br. declare war
WORLD WAR II
WAR IN EUROPE
Phony War (ending spring 1940) when Hitler began European military campaign in earnest
Blitzkrieg ("lightning war") 1940
Germans used Panzer ("armored") columns - fast and mobile - to quickly take Poland
Germans occupy Denmark and North, then full-scale attack on western Europe
Netherlands, Belgium, France (armistice in Jun)
Dunkirk – Br. Evacuate troops
Fall of France
France divided in two north was German, South was Vichy
Vichy government headed by Marshal Petain
Fall of France convinced Mussolini that Germans were winning
Battle of Britain 1940
German Luftwaffe
Germany broke Nazi-Soviet Pact and invaded Russia
Germany joined Allied Powers
Most powerful invasion force in history
3.6 million soldiers, 3,700 tanks
Within four months, Hitler was deep in Russia
Hitler’s greatest blunder. (Two-front war)
And Russia had already moved 80% of manufacturing firms to Ural Mountains.
So Soviet industry outstripped German.
And intense Russian winter
Operation Barbarossa Jun. 22, 1941
ASIA
Japan encouraged by
German victories over Dutch and French in 1940
And Great Britain's precarious situation
Japanese wanted to project influence in southeast Asia
Particularly Dutch East Indies
and Britis-controlled Mayala
regions with raw mateirals: tiin, rubber, petroleum.
When France fell (Vichy govt.)
Japan occupied French Indochina
US Response
Froze Japanese assets in US
And imposed compete embargo on oil.
supported by GB nations
US demanded withdrawal of Japanese forces from China and Southeast Asia
and reunciation of Tripartite Pact.
Japanese defense minister general Tojo Hideki
took office of prime minister
prepared for war agaisnt GB and US
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
Japan hoped to destroy U.S. naval capacity i Pacific with attack
and to clear way for the conquest of osoutheast Asia
and creation of a defensive Japanese permiter that would thwart Allies abilityt to strike Japan's homelnd.
FDR called it a "day that will live in infamy"
More than 350 Japanese bombers, fighters, torpedo planes sruck in two waves